416 The Faith of Our Fathers Persecutions by Queen Mary of England, 261 ; compared with those under Elizabeth, 262, et seq. Pepin, King of the Franks, defeats Lombards, 141. Peter, St., primacy of, 95; foundation of the Church, 100; first Bishop of Rome, 106; supremacy handed down, 108; and Washington compared, 108; oracle of the Apostles, 126, et seq. Photius appeals to Pope Nicholas I to confirm his election to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, 112. Plebescitum, Roman, explained, 146. Plutarch declares: "No nations without priests and altars," 309. Poe, Edgar Allan, invokes Mary, 191. Pontiff, Supreme, is commander-in-chief of the Church, 1 17. Pope is Vicar of Christ, 129; father and doctor of Christians, chief pastor of the Church, 130; confirms or rejects decrees of councils, 131; a prisoner in his own house, 145. Popes succeed to Peter's supremacy, 108; send Apostolic missionaries, 115; go to confession regularly, 122; oracles of the early Church, 128, et seq., recognized in all ages as infallible teachers, 132.